Common Street Arts An Art Gallery Essay - 1147 Words

Common Street Arts is an art gallery in downtown Waterville that is hosting their fifth Holiday Pop-up Shop (Common Street Arts, n.d.). Common Street Arts’ mission statement is â€Å"To enhance the creative, artistic and economic vitality of the Waterville community through outstanding arts education and exhibitions† (Mission Vision, n.d.). The pop-up shop follows the mission by providing products for people to purchase that have been crafted by local artists, helping drive the creative spirit of Waterville and allowing for artists to sell their works. The pop-up shop offers items with different styles and price points, aligning with Common Street Arts goal of presenting exhibits that get all members of the community involved. This shop also offers a place for artist to sell their work, fulfilling the goal of supporting local artists. Common Street arts also has a goal of offering â€Å"at least one exhibition of non-traditional media each year† (Mission Visio n, n.d.). The pop-up shop is an accumulation of many types of art, providing a piece of artwork for nearly anyone’s taste and showcasing many forms of artistic media. Common Street Arts and worked with many artists to create this pop-up shop and serve the needs of people in search of gifts for the holiday season. Common Street Arts opened in 2012 on Common Street in Waterville (History, n.d.). This organization aimed to provide â€Å"a non-profit collaborative arts space that included a gallery and studio teaching space†Show MoreRelatedThe Impact of the Arts on Society1037 Words   |  4 PagesArt has been long seen as a prevailing influence on society and is increasingly developing every day. There have been many efforts taken to amplify systematic methods for assessing these influences. Many cities either highlight the arts or reduce these social inclusions. Some places go on to have academic achievements and economic development just to portray the existing arts in their cities. With all that being done, there is definitely an impact on social and community life whether that is a positiveRead MoreStreet Art Is Visual Art2446 Words   |  10 Pages  Street art is visual art created in public locations, usually unsanctioned artwork executed outside of the context of traditional ar t venues. The term gained popularity during the graffiti art boom of the early 1980s and continues to be applied to subsequent incarnations. Stencil graffiti, wheatpasted poster art or sticker art, and street installation or sculpture are common forms of modern street art. Video projection, yarn bombing and Lock On sculpture became popularized at the turn of the 21stRead MoreBuying And Selling Art, Provenance, Connoisseurship, And Authentication1235 Words   |  5 Pagesand selling art, provenance, connoisseurship, and authentication are key elements that will make the sale/purchase go smoothly. Art, especially expensive art, is an investment and that investment needs to be sound. This is where authentication comes into play. If a buyer is going to drop a couple of million dollars on a painting then the buyer wants to know whether or not the art is what the buyer is saying it is. This is where a connoisseur comes in, an expert to inspect and judge the art. Buyers willRead MoreAnal ysis Of The Institute Of Modern Art854 Words   |  4 PagesPolitics, a contemporary art exhibition that reflects conceptuality and politics has recently showcased in on of Queensland’s leading independent art gallery, the Institute of Modern Art (IMA) located in Brunswick Street, Brisbane. Artists namely: Zach Blas, Jemima Wyman, Megan Cope, Gabriella Mangano, Silvana Mangano, Archie Moor, Raquel Ormella, Keg de Souza and Tintin Wulia were commissioned and brought together to resurface political agendas exploring the relationship between art and capitalism. Read MoreAi Weiwei Essay859 Words   |  4 Pagesmusic management. I have had a passion for art since childhood. Over the past three years i have sought to use this enthusiasm to good effect. I focused on discovering new talent and learning about the process of creation and also the curating of exhibitions. This lead to me creating a pop up exhibition for students at Central Saint Martins in a vacant space on the Portland estate in Marylebone. I also worked in collaboration with commercial clients; Art related fashion Installations at The SaintRead MoreThe Japanese American National Museum1354 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Japanese as the United States entered World War Two. After many emotional and disheartening displays of life in the internment camps came the reparations and apologies from the American Government. In the last gallery there was pictures and displays of the modern era Japanese arts and culture. While in the Japanese American National Museum, I was observing the historical artifacts and analyzing the readings and I felt this tense intangible atmospheric pressure throughout the museum. The museumRead More25. Using examples, discuss the extent to which regeneration and re-imaging of cities counteract the decline of urban in DCs1432 Words   |  6 Pagesup and was the site for the development of the Carousel Mall. Supporting industries and infrastructure were built downtown costing about $1 billion dollars. There were flagship projects to boost the attractiveness of Syracuse and they include The Galleries, Carousel Mall and Onondaga County Convention Centre. Advertisements were placed in local and national media such as â€Å"Business Week† and â€Å"Fortune† with taglines such as â€Å"take stock in Syracuse† and â€Å"Profit from our assets†. All these were done toRead MoreEssay Design and Architecture of Art Galleries1585 Words   |  7 PagesIn what ways and for what reasons have the architecture and designs of art museums and galleries evolved since the mid-twentieth century? In exploring and understanding this subject, one must study the history and development of individual museums and galleries, observing the exterior architecture as well as the internal design, and the reasons behind any developments or renovations done to the buildings. In addition to this the location of the museum must be considered, to see if the surroundingRead MoreExhibition Review – Dale Chihuly, the Halcyon Gallery Essay1663 Words   |  7 PagesExhibition Review – Dale Chihuly, the Halcyon Gallery Dale Chihuly is an American artist, born September 20th, 1941 who is known for his glass sculptures. One of his most well known pieces is the blue and green glass sculpture hanging in the front entrance of the Victoria Albert Museum in London (figure 1). His work has included over 200 museum collections worldwide, and I visited his exhibition in the Halcyon Gallery on New Bond Street in London on the 23rd of January 2012. The entireRead More Jacob Lawrence Essay1750 Words   |  7 Pagesmother and siblings to New York, settling in Harlem. quot;He trained as a painter at the Harlem Art Workshop, inside the New York Public Librarys 113 5th Street branch. Younger than the artists and writers who took part in the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s, Lawrence was also at an angle to them: he was not interested in the kind of idealized, fake-primitive images of blacks - the Noble Negroes in Art Deco guise - that tended to be produced as an antidote to the toxic racist stereotypes with which

The Expression of Anti-Colonialism in Houseboy by...

â€Å"When the missionaries came to Africa they had the Bible and we had the land. They said â€Å"let us pray.† We closed our eyes. When we opened them we had the Bible and they had the land.†- Bishop Desmond Tutu Satire is a powerful technique generally utilized in order to convey an intense, hard-hitting thought in a mild manner. This technique is used in the novel Houseboy written by Ferdinand Oyono. Houseboy is an anti-colonial novel which with the help of satire reveals the flaws in the colonial period which includes the Christianity spread and â€Å"supposed† policy of assimilation. Oyono depicts the English hypocrisy of the African perception of colonialists. Toundi, the character on whose life the novel is based on, was introduced to the†¦show more content†¦As stated in the quotation above by Tutu the missionaries where there to help them however they did not intend to. â€Å"When we fetched a priest to save his soul, he told him to fuck off. (Page 3)† This quotation represents the behavior that the priests had towards the natives; which is ironical. The role of a priest in a church is to guide the citizens to be better Christians however with the use of their vulgar language is discloses the real â€Å"aim† which is to exploit the natives. Another example is on page15 where the actions of the priests are contradictory to their ideal aims. The priests beat those natives who have committed adultery however in an ideal church the duty of the priest is not to beat but to help the citizens to become better Christians and forgive them for their sins. Oyono uses these examples to mock the roles of the priests. These obs cenities are used by him to make the readers realize that the Europeans were not as clean or pure as they would have seemed. Through many characters Oyono had represented an overall hypocrisy present in the European colonization. Europeans claimed themselves to be a role models and pure for the Cameroonians to follow however how can those who have contradictory actions ever by pure. One example which represents hypocrisy is through Madame’s character. Madame was initially portrayed as the epitome of the European culture. She is seen as aShow MoreRelatedRole of African Elites in Dismantling Decolonization5146 Words   |  21 Pagesprevails today in Africa because of the continuation after independence of the economic, political and social practices established by colonialism. An analysis of the economic, political and social contradictions created by colonialism is, therefore, necessary in understanding and effectively countering neocolonialism. For the contradictions created by colonialism are still realities in contemporary Africa s development. Walter Rodney s How Europe Underdeveloped Africa analyzes the colonial relations

Would the Incoming of Gst Improve Supply Chain in Fmcg Sector free essay sample

Some of the positive effects can be the reduction of warehousing costs due to rationalization and reorganization of warehouse networks, reduced inventory level, simplified warehouse planning and easy and simplified warehouse management. GST can also bring some negative effects like higher lead times to customer and higher freight costs, but all these effects can be negated and even used to the advantage with better strategy and planning of FMCG industries. Importance of a Sound Taxation PolicyTax policies have an important impact on the economy as they affect both efficiency and equity. A suitable tax system must be designed keeping factors like income distribution , industrial macro environment and also aim to generate revenues through taxes to support the government in working towards infrastructure development and public service. There are broadly two types of strategy which can be used to maximize government equity, namely Horizontal equity model and Vertical equity model. The main characteristic of the vertical equity model is increasing revenues through high marginal rates of taxation, it can be applied to direct as well as indirect taxes. The horizontal equity model depends upon broad, transparent and simple taxes which have low variance across the tax rates. It is better to rely on horizontal system rather than the vertical system. Cascading tax revenues can have a substantial consequence on firms in the economy. This can affect international competitiveness of those sectors of the production which are adversely affected by economy, eventually leading to monetary and nonmonetary loss of the affected economy. Taxation Scenario in India| India is a developing economy and so it is imperative for India to handle its resources more effectively. Several policy instruments can be applied by the government for this effect, one of the most important one among these is revising taxation policies of India to maximize the efficiency of the economy. India’s taxation policy has been depending on indirect taxation for a long time now. Before tax reforms of nineties, major part of government’s tax revenues came from indirect taxes. The underlying logic for this was that India, being a country with high poverty and large income divide couldn’t afford to widen the scope of direct taxes without putting excessive load on the poorer section of the society. There were also many practical difficulties involved as for majority of population agricultural income was their main income. About the taxation structure in India, the responsibility for the computation; levy as well as collection of most the taxes in the country lies with the Department of Revenue of the Finance Ministry of the Government of India. However, some of the taxes are even levied solely by the Local State Bodies or the respective governments of the different states in the nation. At present, the Central Government levies tax on goods at the manufacturing level in the form of CENVAT, whereas the State Governments impose tax on goods at the point of sale in the form of VAT. The responsibility of taxing services lies with the Central Government, which began the service tax in 1994. As of now, the tax base is fragmented between the Centre and the States. The present indirect tax system is very complex with a multitude of taxes both at the Centre States, at present; do not have the powers to levy a tax on supply of services; while the Centre does not have power to levy tax on the sale of goods. Goods and Services Tax GST (Goods and Services Tax) was introduced for the first time in 1954 in France. Today it has spread across 140 countries. On 22nd March, 2011, the finance ministry of India placed the 115 th Constitutional Amendment Bill in the Lok Sabha, which was hugely significant as it was about to introduce the Goods and Service Tax (GST) in the Indian Constitution. Introduction of GST marks the most significant reform in Indian economy and the Indian tax system. It has been proposed to introduce GST by April 1, 2012, which is the third such timeline proposed after missing two previous dates. It is a major milestone for the Indian Tax System, which is expected to bring about changes in the way manufacturing, warehousing and distribution is carried out in India. Key Characteristics of Indian GST * Dual GST structute: CGST and SGST chain which will extend up till the last transaction at the retail level * Octroi and Entry Tax to be disbanded * Tax incentive of cross border sales and taxes may be dissolved GST and FMCG Supply Chain FMCG sector in India is one of the most important sector which will determine India’s growth in future. Fiscal costs have remained a major factor for FMCG’s in India. India’s existing multi layered tax system has been a key element for FMCG’s for planning, establishing and structuring their supply chain factors like manufacturing bases, distribution networks and procurement partners. With the talks and rumors about implementation of GST in India, FMCG sector has been proactively trying to prepare itself for the changes in the future. The GST is seen as an inflection point in the history of India’s economic landscape. It is expected to remove the confusion, uncertainty and cascading effects of the current taxes and consolidate them into Central Goods and Service Tax (CGST) and State Goods and Service Tax (SGST). Major Impact Points of GST on Indian FMCG Supply Chain Industry Impact due to Extended CGST Presently, services in logistics which are incurred post factory stage are not off-settable for CENVAT. Extended CGST will allow retailers and other post distribution networks to get back the tax. This will result in lowering the outsourced logistics cost as the current service tax of 10. % which is generally charged by logistics firms can be offset because of the CGST liability. The result will be a boost in outsourcing for supply chains in FMCG’s. This will also provide more strength to 3PL’s. Impact due to Subsuming Octroi amp; Entrant Tax Octroi duty and other such local taxations have been a major revenue source when it comes to the corporations. Similar is the case for taxes levied by the states, like entry tax. Hence one cannot be sure whether these taxes will go and not return in a changed form, in case they go at all. But taxes like Octroi and entry tax cannot be said in line with the GST spirit, even though entry taxes can be VATable sometimes. These taxes impact the decision of the firms for finalization of warehouse locations. They also affect the decisions on inventory and turn overs. This will result in lowering the outsourced logistics cost as the current service tax of 10. 3% which is generally charged by logistics firms can be offset because of the CGST liability. The result will be a boost in outsourcing for supply chains in FMCG’s. This will also provide more strength to 3PL’s. Impact due to Removed Tax Barriers in Cross Border Sales According to the current scenario there can be two possible ways where this can happen: Scenario 1: The rates for CST would decrease to zero without any carry-over of interstate input credit. Scenario 2: Stock-transfers are not allowed and/or are taxed and sales of inter-state nature are taxed without any provision for carry-over. Both the cases will have similar effect. FMCG companies would not be required to own warehouses in every state for taxation purposes, to avoid CST or to facilitate stock transfers. This would result in FMCG companies to design their networks based on only supply chain considerations and not like the present scenario where their aim is tax considerations. Thus, with GST, either CST would come down to zero or inter-state sale would be taxed without breakage of the VAT chain. Thus it will eliminate the need for a warehouse just for avoiding CST and doing stock transfers. Impact Explanation Case1: Re Organizing Warehouse Consider the case as illustrated in the figure, XYZ Ltd. company has a warehouse A in Rajasthan and B in Gujarat. Warehouse B is near the border but due to current scenario cities in Rajisthan which are nearer to B are served by A, resulting in increased lead times, inventory pileup and transportation costs. After GST, B can be used to cater to such cities and A can be used to cater to areas nearer to A, thus expanding XYZ’s area of impact and reducing the costs. Impact Explanation Case2: Rationalizing Warehouse In this case, company XYZ can decide to remove warehouse from Madhya Pradesh and use warehouse in Rajasthan to cater to the areas in Madhya Pradesh. This will reduce the inventory holding cost and savings on warehouse lease for the company. Impact on Companies network For any FMCG, the supply chain distribution network is divided into hubs (big warehouses) and warehouses. The introduction of GST will allow the firm to reduce the number of warehouses by merging, rationalizing or rearranging their existing network. Also, more strategically placed warehouses would reduce the time taken to serve major customers, thus increasing competitiveness and customer satisfaction. Impact on Cost and Investments Assume a FMCG firm XYZ Ltd. With sales of 2000 Cr Rs, keeping 15 days inventory in their 25 warehouses with 25% safety stock because of current scenario. Assuming their logistics cost be around 75 Cr (4% of sales). Rough calculations can lead us to believe that because of the implementation of GST, the firm can have an inventory reduction of about 15-20% and logistics cost savings of about 3. 5 Crore (5% savings). Impact on Service Implementation of GST would mean fewer warehouses for FMCG companies, which effectively means that there may be longer distances between warehouse and customers. This can result in longer lead times, higher lead time variability and reduced order flexibility. This can hamper the service to customers. But, this can be negated and even result in improved service if design and implementation of the network is done carefully. Impact on Freight cost It is expected that due to the implementation of GST, fewer warehouses would lead to increase in overall secondary freight costs. But the increase in freight cost can be expected to be small in nature.

Watergate Was The Name Of The Biggest Political Scandal In United Stat

Watergate was the name of the biggest political scandal in United States history. It included various illegal activities designed to help President Richard M. Nixon win reelection in 1972. Watergate resulted in Nixon's resignation from the presidency in 1974. Watergate differed from most previous political scandals because personal greed apparently did not play an important role. Instead, Watergate represented an attack on one of the chief features of a democracy--free and open elections. The Watergate activities included burglary, wiretapping, violations of campaign financing laws, and sabotage and the attempted use of government agencies to harm political opponents. The scandal also involved a cover-up of many of those actions. About 40 people were charged with crimes in the scandal and with related crimes. Most of these people were convicted by juries or pleaded guilty. Watergate involved more high-level government officials than any previous political scandal. It led to the conviction on criminal charges in 1975 of former Attorney General John N. Mitchell and two of Nixon's top aides, John D. Ehrlichman and H. R. Haldeman. Also in 1975, former Secretary of Commerce Maurice H. Stans, a leader of Nixon's reelection campaign, pleaded guilty to Watergate criminal charges and was fined $5,000. Watergate also had resulted in the resignation of Attorney General Richard G. Kleindienst in 1973. The break-in and cover-up. The scandal took its name from the Watergate complex of apartment and office buildings in Washington, D.C. On June 17, 1972, police arrested five men for breaking into the Democratic Party's national headquarters there. One of the burglars was James W. McCord, Jr., the security coordinator of the Committee for the Re-election of the President (CRP). The five men--along with G. Gordon Liddy, another CRP aide; and E. Howard Hunt, Jr., a White House consultant--were indicted for a number of crimes, including burglary and wiretapping. In January 1973, five of the seven, including Hunt, pleaded guilty. The other two--Liddy and McCord--were found guilty by a jury. Nixon's press secretary had said repeatedly that the scandal involved no member of the White House staff. But the press found evidence that White House aides had helped finance sabotage and spying operations against candidates for the 1972 Democratic presidential nomination. Reporters Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward of The Washington Post led the investigation. Early in 1973, evidence was uncovered that tied several top White House aides to plans for the Watergate break-in or to concealment of evidence that implicated members of the Nixon Administration. The evidence indicated that White House officials had tried to involve the Central Intelligence Agency and the Federal Bureau of Investigation in the cover-up. These officials falsely claimed that national security was involved. On April 30, 1973, Nixon stated that he had no part in either planning the Watergate break-in or covering it up. He promised that the Department of Justice would appoint a special prosecutor to handle the case. In May, Archibald Cox, a Harvard Law School professor, was named to that position. Also in May, the Senate Select Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities began hearings on Watergate. Senator Sam J. Ervin, Jr., of North Carolina headed the committee. Former Presidential Counsel John W. Dean III became the chief witness against Nixon in the hearings. Dean admitted that he had played a major role in a White House cover-up and charged that Nixon knew of his activities. Dean also revealed Administration plans to use the Internal Revenue Service and other government agencies to punish opponents whom the White House had placed on so-called enemies lists. Dean was later sentenced to a prison term of 1 to 4 years. After serving four months, his sentence was reduced to that time a nd he was released. The tape controversy. In July, the Senate committee learned that Nixon had secretly made tape recordings of conversations in his White House offices since 1971. The committee and Cox believed the tapes could answer key questions raised in their investigations. They asked Nixon to supply them with certain tapes, but he refused to do so. Nixon argued that, as President, he had a constitutional right to keep the tapes confidential. In August, Cox and the committee sued Nixon to obtain the tapes. U.S. District Court Judge John J. Sirica decided to review the tapes himself

image analysis on photographers Essays

image analysis on photographers Essays image analysis on photographers Essay image analysis on photographers Essay Image Analysis William Klein (1955) ,Broadway and 103rd Street, New York Available at: amicortina. com/fotpuntvistaingles/kleine. htm [Accessed 5 November 2012] DescriptionWilliam Kleins collection NEW YORK marks an important time in the history of photography during the latter half of the 20th century. The photograph Broadway and 103rd Street, New York (1955) captures New York street life during the time period, with the morbid image of a youth walking the streets of the city while playing with a revolver. The boys face is full of anger and rage, which therefore seems to be a reflection of the environment he is in. He points the revolver at the photographer but that doesnt bother the photographer and he still shoots the picture without 1 second thought. He used a wide-angle lense, which provided him with enough depth to him, probably his younger brother looks up at him with respect and admiration. The medium of the photograph is a black and white picture, which looks like it is cropped out of a larger picture. Born in 1928, William Klein belonged to a very poor Jewish Family who had immigrated from their country and started to live in New York, in an Irish neighborhood leading to him feeling estranged at school and on the streets. He was a bright pupil who had a liking at a very young age of the arts and humanities. He studied Sociology and later was also part of the US army for 2 years. In 1948, Klein went to study briefly in Paris and eventually began living there. When he returned to New York in 1954 for a visit, he decided that he wanted to photograph New York in a new way and wanted to keep a photographic diary. It was during this time that some of Kleins most famous work was created. The picture shown above is also from that time. New York in the 1950s suffered from a big racial divide. It was the era Just before the civil rights movement and it was a time of turmoil for people in the city. There was a downturn in the industry and commerce sectors, which lead to fewer opportunities for good Jobs in the future. Youngsters became cynical and were aware of the cultural, ethnic, class barriers. Therefore in Kleins photographs we see how he represents a ore explicit, vulgar perspective of the city. People struggles through all odds and the dismal mood of the city lowered the emotional prospect of the future. l was a make believe ethnographer- treating New Yorkers like an explorer would treat Zulus- searching for the rawest snapshot, the zero degree of photography. (William Klein, 1956, p. 120) Klein is known for his extensive use of wide-angle lense. In the early 50s Klein was introduced into the photography world, with a collection of books about cosmopolitan cities such as New York, Moscow, Rome and Tokyo. His black-and-white hotography catches the onlookers attention, as the atmosphere within the work is full of actuality, therefore enabling us to undergo and understand the environment of living in the 50s. His work mostly compromises of raw, gritty, black and white pictures and depicts the vigor and movement of the time with little or no regard for old-style work. As William Klein says in The Guardian: Somebody turned one of the panels when I was shooting on a already abstract shape was a beautiful blur. That blur was a revelation. I thought, heres a way of talking about life. Through photography, you can really talk about what you see around you. Thats what Ive been doing ever since. (Klein, April 2012) When Klein returned to New York he worked for 10 years as a fashion photographer for Vogue. He shot models in the busy streets of New York. It was a first insight into his style of iconoclastic pictures full of blur, and grainy high contrast. He used long-focus and flash and mostly liked to crop and blur his images, to create a feeling that you are a part of the action. Kliens work has a lot of resemblance with another famous hotographer from New York, Diane Arbus. Like Klien she photographs the inhabitants of the city in which she lives and seeks out those who live at the edge of society. Her work emphasizes on the abnormality of a place and is a reflection of ones daily life. The picture below is one of her best-know images shot in 1962, and is of a boy holding a grenade in his hand in Central Park. Similar to Klien she takes pictures of what she sees and doesnt think twice. They both took pictures that were strange and incomprehensibly troubling. Diane Arbus herself never described her work as normal. She would photograph things she did and said because that seemed more interesting to her similar to Klien. They never followed the moral code of photography. William Klein was never interested in photographs 3 that Just tell a story. Like Diane, he also preferred taking pictures that were uncommon and out of the box. Diane Arbus (1962), Boy with Toy Grenade in Central Park Available at: feralpost. comnp=443 [Accessed 10 November 2012] Despite the obvious similarities between the photographers, upon further analysis a few differences begin to emerge. William Klein took pictures of fashion and objects relating to fashion as well as governmental issues that pertained to society. He covered all aspects of his surroundings but on the other hand Diane Arbus only chose to take photographs of one specific topic. There is a definite difference between the mood and tone that the pictures convey by both the photographers. William Kleins pictures seemed more planned and there was a sense of humor behind some of the images he took. They were a lot more comical compared to those of Diane Arbus. SHE-RGILL, ISHE BAFPR NOVEMBER 19, The photograph is a bit shocking and denotes youth and revolt and the lack of color adds depth to the picture. There is a sense of sarcastic rage, which is displayed by the older boy who is holding the revolver. In my opinion, Klein seemed to have a keen interest in the contrast between the boys, both visually and in character. The boy holding the revolver seems particularly aggressive whereas the younger boy, most probably his brother looks nervous and weak. I feel the gritty effect adds to the seriousness of the picture. It seems to me as though they were a mirror image of Kliens personality. As a photographer, Klein seemed to have a reserved and deep attitude towards life but at the same time was in your face, similar to the boy with the gun in the picture. It is believed that Klein himself gave the boy the gun and directed him and told him to do what he wants. Therefore the image, which at first appears to be an impulsive picture of a boy playing, is in actuality a partially directed photograph. As a viewer looking at it now, it totally eliminates the element of intensity from the picture. l WAS AN OUTSIDER, FOLLOWING MY INSTINCTS. (William Klein, 2012)

Tungsten or Wolfram - Chemical Physical Properties

Tungsten or Wolfram - Chemical Physical Properties Tungsten is a grayish-white transition metal with atomic number 74 and element symbol W. The symbol comes from another name for the element- wolfram. While the name tungsten is approved by the IUPAC and is used in Nordic countries and those speaking English or French, most European countries use the name wolfram. Here is a collection of tungsten or wolfram facts, including the elements properties, uses, and sources. Tungsten or Wolfram  Basic Facts Tungsten Atomic Number: 74 Tungsten Symbol: W Tungsten Atomic Weight: 183.85 Tungsten Discovery: Juan Jose and Fausto dElhuyar purified tungsten in 1783 (Spain), although Peter Woulfe examined the mineral which came to be known as wolframite and determined that it contained a new substance. Tungsten Electron Configuration: [Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d4 Word Origin: Swedish tung sten, heavy stone or wolf rahm and spumi lupi, because the ore wolframite interfered with tin smelting and was believed to devour the tin. Tungsten Isotopes: Natural tungsten consist of five stable isotopes. Twelve unstable isotopes are known. Tungsten Properties: Tungsten has a melting point of 3410/-20 °C, boiling point of 5660 °C, specific gravity of 19.3 (20 °C), with a valence of 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6. Tungsten is a steel-gray to tin-white metal. Impure tungsten metal is quite brittle, although pure tungsten can be cut with a saw, spun, drawn, forged, and extruded. Tungsten has the highest melting point and the lowest vapor pressure of the metals. At temperatures exceeding 1650 °C, it has the highest tensile strength. Tungsten oxidizes in air at elevated temperatures, although it generally has excellent corrosion resistance and is minimally attacked by most acids. Tungsten Uses: The thermal expansion of tungsten is similar to that of borosilicate glass, so the metal is used for glass/metal seals. Tungsten and its alloys are used to make filaments for electric lamps and television tubes, as electrical contacts, x-ray targets, heating elements, for metal evaporation components, and for numerous other high temperature applications. Hastelloy, Stellite, high-speed tool steel, and numerous other alloys contain tungsten. Magnesium and calcium tungstenates are used in fluorescent lighting. Tungsten carbide is important in the mining, metalworking, and petroleum industries. Tungsten disulfide is used as a dry high-temperature lubricant. Tungsten bronze and other tungsten compounds are used in paints. Tungsten Sources: Tungsten occurs in wolframite, (Fe, Mn)WO4, scheelite, CaWO4, ferberite, FeWO4, and huebnerite, MnWO4. Tungsten is produced commercially by reducing tungsten oxide with carbon or hydrogen. Biological Role: Tungsten is the heaviest element with known biological functionality. No use in humans or other eukaryotes is known, but the element is used by bacteria and archaea in enzymes, principally as a catalyst. It functions in much the same ways as the element molybdenum does in other organisms. When tungsten compounds are introduced to soil, they inhibit earthworm reproduction. Scientists are studying the use of tetrathiotungstates for use in biological copper chelation. Tungsten is a rare element, initially thought to be inert and only slightly toxic to humans. However, now it is known tungsten dust inhalation, skin contact, or ingestion can cause cancer and other negative health effects. Tungsten or Wolfram Physical Data Element Classification: Transition Metal Density (g/cc): 19.3 Melting Point (K): 3680 Boiling Point (K): 5930 Appearance: tough gray to white metal Atomic Radius (pm): 141 Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 9.53 Covalent Radius (pm): 130 Ionic Radius: 62 (6e) 70 (4e) Specific Heat (20 °C J/g mol): 0.133 Fusion Heat (kJ/mol): (35) Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 824 Debye Temperature (K): 310.00 Pauling Negativity Number: 1.7 First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 769.7 Oxidation States: 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 0 Lattice Structure: Body-Centered Cubic Lattice Constant (Ã…): 3.160 Sources Lide, David R., ed. (2009). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (90th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-9084-0.Hille, Russ (2002). Molybdenum and tungsten in biology. Trends in Biochemical Sciences. 27 (7): 360–367. doi:10.1016/S0968-0004(02)02107-2Lassner, Erik; Schubert, Wolf-Dieter (1999). Tungsten: properties, chemistry, technology of the element, alloys, and chemical compounds. Springer. ISBN 978-0-306-45053-2.Stwertka, Albert (2002). A Guide to the Elements (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-515026-1.Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

Child Obesity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Child Obesity - Research Paper Example Its relevance and priority in the nation’s thrust to monitor this chronic illness and seek ways to address it are seen in the following objectives, to wit: 19-3c. Reduce the proportion of children and adolescents who are overweight or obese and 19-2. Reduce the proportions of adults who are obese (Centers for Disease and Control Prevention (CDC), n.d.). The current research would initially define the scope and nature of the problem, the specific claim and justification of the claim, prior to delving into the method of data collection and a presentation of the research findings. In this regard, the paper aims to proffer a discussion of pertinent issues relating to changes in lifestyle due to technological advancements and how it has contributed in the spread of child obesity. Scope and Nature of the Problem Obesity in childhood, teenage and adults is considered an epidemic in the United States. The advancement in technology created rapid changes in the eating habits of individu als globally. However, as countries become more developed in terms of economic status, the greater the availability and affordability of innumerable choices of food that individuals, particularly children, can indulge in. In America alone, almost one out of three children is suffering from obesity (American Heart Association, 2011, par. 1). Lifestyle changes could be attributed as the major factor contributory to child obesity. Specific Claim Despite the many causes of child obesity; one of the most important is deemed the change in lifestyle due to technology advancements. Parents are sometimes blamed that they do not pay particular attention to their children and are usually neglectful of their child’s eating habits. While this certainly has some adverse effects on the children, it certainly is not the most important cause of the increase in child obesity. The main culprit is the technological revolution that has influenced all facets of global activities. From the advent o f smart phones to third generation video games, all these developments have led to children’s focus in front of personal computers and led them away from physical activities and regular outdoor exercises. The US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) has emphasized the importance of physical activity in the prevention of diseases, especially chronic illness like obesity. According to the study, â€Å"regular physical activity has been shown to reduce the morbidity and mortality from many chronic diseases† (US DHHS, 2002, 2). The developments in technology have led children to stay most of the time in front of the television set, the computer or other electronic gadgets and devices. Justification of Claim With different researches undertaken to explore on the factors contributing to obesity, it is revealed in Medicine Net that ethnicity, childhood weight and hormones all have an effect in being obese. The statistics and information shown in AHA reveal that obesi ty in children causes serious repercussions in terms of â€Å"high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes and elevated blood cholesterol levels. There are also psychological effects: Obese children are more prone to low self-esteem, negative body image and depression† (AHA, n.d., par. 2). The contentions of Burke indicate that â€Å"technology and childhood obesity are closely related because we have now become accustomed to having our eyes glued to the computer screen or television screen and are otherwise taken up with different forms of electronic